Breast cancer rates are on the rise across all states in India, with Karnataka alone reporting approximately 14,484 new cases and 5,388 related deaths in 2023. This upward trend is concerning and is likely to continue unless there is increased awareness and proactive measures within society. Although rare, breast cancer in men accounts for about 0.5-1% of all cases.
Risk Factors
Breast cancer risk factors can be categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable.
Non-modifiable risk factors include:
- Age over 50 years
- Genetics and family history
Interestingly, there is a growing trend of breast cancer among women under 50, attributed to various lifestyle and environmental factors.
Modifiable risk factors include:
- Obesity
- Alcohol consumption
- Use of hormonal prescriptions
- Age at childbirth
- Age of menstruation
- Breastfeeding practices
Delaying childbirth until after age 35 and starting menstruation before age 12 can slightly increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of breast cancer include:
- Painless or painful lumps in the breast or axilla
- Changes in breast shape
- Skin changes, such as dimpling or thickening
- Bloody nipple discharge
- Nipple inversion
Screening Recommendations
Screening for breast cancer should begin at age 40 for all women, with earlier screenings recommended for those with high-risk factors like a family history of breast cancer. Regular clinical breast examinations and self-breast examinations are valuable tools for screening, especially in areas with limited access to mammography. These methods have proven effective in reducing breast cancer mortality in low-income countries.
Radiological Screening Methods
Radiological modalities for breast cancer screening include:
- Mammogram: A low-dose X-ray technique where breast tissue is compressed to create images from different angles. It is non-invasive, cost-effective, and painless, making it suitable for both screening and diagnosis.
- Sono Mammogram: An ultrasound used alongside a mammogram to evaluate abnormalities detected in the X-ray. It’s particularly useful during pregnancy or for younger women.
- MRI: This method is typically used for patients at a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
Prevention Tips
To reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, individuals can:
- Maintain a healthy diet and weight
- Engage in regular physical activity
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
- Promote breastfeeding for an adequate duration
- Refrain from unnecessary hormone therapy
Importance of Early Detection
Screening programs are vital for the early detection of breast cancer, which can lead to less intensive treatment and improved outcomes. The key to fighting breast cancer lies in early detection and prompt treatment.
I encourage everyone, regardless of gender, to consult a healthcare professional if they notice any concerning symptoms and to start their screening program as soon as possible. Early action can significantly enhance the chances of successful treatment and recovery.
