Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann has been diagnosed with leptospirosis, a bacterial infection commonly transmitted through contact with urine from infected animals or contaminated environments like water and soil. Mann was admitted to Fortis Hospital in Mohali for a routine check-up, and his condition is reported to be stable, with satisfactory improvement following antibiotic treatment.
What is Leptospirosis?
Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria and affects both humans and animals. The infection spreads primarily through direct contact with contaminated urine or exposure to infected water or soil. The bacteria can enter the body through cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, or mouth.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of leptospirosis include:
- High fever
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Eye involvement (yellow or brown patches)
- Abdominal pain
Severity
Leptospirosis is often self-limiting and can be treated with antibiotics like doxycycline. However, severe cases can affect the liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, or spinal cord, potentially leading to fatal complications if untreated. Diagnosing the disease can be difficult, which may result in delays in treatment. A PCR test is typically used for diagnosis.
Endemic Nature in India
Leptospirosis is endemic in tropical climates, including parts of India such as Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite being common in these regions, it remains under-reported due to a lack of diagnostic tools and awareness among healthcare providers.
Preventive measures include avoiding consumption of loosely available food items, especially in areas prone to rat infestations, and ensuring food is properly sealed and stored.
